"The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel" after installing September 2016 Windows Updates

Challenge

After installing the security Windows Updates released in September 2016, outgoing HTTPS connections from Veeam server to vCenter and NetApp storages may fail with The request was aborted: Could not create SSL/TLS secure channel.
Any other HTTPS connections may be affected as well.
 

Cause

After installing security updates KB3174644 and KB3175024 (on Windows 7 and 2008 R2): if the public key length is shorter than 2048 bytes (e.g. RSA 512), Windows may cancel the HTTPS connection. 

Solution

To fully resolve the problem, regenerate vCenter or NetApp certificates so that the public key length is at least 2048 bit.

As a workaround you can uninstall KB3174644 and KB3175024 if you have them installed.

More Information

Microsoft Security Bulletin Summary for September 2016  https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/security/ms16-sep.aspx